{"id":49878,"date":"2012-03-24T16:22:23","date_gmt":"2012-03-24T14:22:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/?p=49878"},"modified":"2020-05-17T08:55:17","modified_gmt":"2020-05-17T05:55:17","slug":"mayalarin-sonunu-kotu-ruhlar-getirmis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/?p=49878","title":{"rendered":"Mayalar\u0131n sonunu ‘k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlar’ getirmi\u015f!"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, Maya uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesinde do\u011fa felaketleri kadar ‘k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlar\u0131n’ da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rol oynam\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Antik Maya uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir zamanlar yakla\u015f\u0131k 700 bin kilometreye varan topraklar\u0131yla, modern Meksika\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyi ve Orta Amerika\u2019n\u0131n kuzey b\u00f6lgelerine kadar yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir zaman varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde bug\u00fcn Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador ve Honduras da yer al\u0131yor. Mayalar\u0131n alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Klasik D\u00f6nem olarak bilinen M.S 250 ile 900 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemin sonunda, uygarl\u0131k bug\u00fcn hala tam olarak bilinmeyen nedenlerden dolay\u0131 gerileme s\u00fcrecine girdi. N\u00fcfus, ciddi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azal\u0131rken, halk b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirleri terk etti ve uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n topraklar\u0131ndan geriye k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir par\u00e7a kald\u0131. Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131, Mayalar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde en b\u00fcy\u00fck etkenin ormanlar\u0131n azalmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n yok olmas\u0131yla erozyon verimli topraklar\u0131 yok ederken, g\u00fcne\u015fin etkisini art\u0131rmas\u0131 buharla\u015fmay\u0131 ve sonucunda kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 getirdi.<\/p>\n

Ancak Georgetown, Cincinnati ve George Mason \u00dcniversite\u2019si taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, Mayalar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen do\u011fal felaketlerin uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcm b\u00f6gelerini ayn\u0131 derecede etkilemedi\u011fini ortaya koydu. Terk edilen baz\u0131 yerle\u015fimler y\u0131llarca bo\u015f kal\u0131rken, di\u011fer b\u00f6lgeler \u00e7ok daha uzun s\u00fcre ayakta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Klasik D\u00f6nem’de Maya topraklar\u0131. Arkeologlar ise Mayalar\u0131n, do\u011fal felaketlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sahip olduklr\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrle de kendi sonlar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f olabileceklerini belirtiyor. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye g\u00f6re, zenginlik az say\u0131daki ilahi krallardan olu\u015fan elit bir tabakada toplan\u0131yordu. Ancak liderlerin sava\u015flarda ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131 veya mevsimsel kurakl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ememeleri sonlar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131yordu. Maya krallar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok e\u015flili\u011fi benimsemesi ve arkalar\u0131nda birbirileriyle sava\u015fan nesiller b\u0131rakmalar\u0131 da yolsuzlu\u011fun artmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir etken oldu.<\/p>\n

SU KAYNAKLARI SIKINTISI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences dergisinin bu ayki say\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten bilim insanlar\u0131, Mayalar\u0131n gerileme d\u00f6neminde, baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdeki yerle\u015fimler h\u0131zla \u00e7\u00f6kerken di\u011ferlerinin nas\u0131l ayakta kalabildi\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. M.S 100-250 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 d\u00f6nem ile 750-950 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmelerin y\u00fcksek ve al\u00e7ak b\u00f6lgelerde nas\u0131l ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 incelendi.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcne dek uzanan veriler, Mayalar\u0131n Yucatan Yar\u0131mada\u2019s\u0131 gibi al\u00e7ak b\u00f6lgelere k\u0131yasla daha y\u00fcksek arazilerinde daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcreci ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak ya\u011fmur suyuna ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olan bu b\u00f6lgeler, al\u00e7ak b\u00f6lgeler gibi \u0131rmak ve nehirlere ve subatan olarak bilinen su kaynaklar\u0131na eri\u015fim sa\u011flayam\u0131yordu. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, \u00e7ok fazla i\u015f\u00e7i gerektiren su ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemleri in\u015fa etmek yerine, kurakl\u0131k \u00e7eken Mayalar y\u00fcksek arazileri terk etti ve geri d\u00f6nmedi. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, al\u00e7ak b\u00f6lgelerdeki Maya \u015fehirleri politik ve ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara ra\u011fmen daha uzun bir s\u00fcre ayakta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n

LANETL\u0130 B\u00d6LGELER<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara g\u00f6re, Klasik D\u00f6nem\u2019de Maya tanr\u0131lar\u0131 ve ilahi krallar da \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fe zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f olabilir. Terk edilen yerle\u015fimler, Mayalar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnde zamanla lanetlenmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Mayalar, ormanlar\u0131n kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 lanetli b\u00f6lgeleri yeniden elde etmek i\u00e7in, tanr\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6fkesini \u00e7ekmemeye dikkat ederek rit\u00fceller d\u00fczenledi. Livescience\u2019a konu\u015fan Cincinnati \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Nicholas Dunning, \u201cMayalar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve di\u011fer \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rlerin rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda \u00e7ok az \u015f\u00fcphem var… Ayr\u0131ca, bu felaketlerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin de birbirlerinden farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Orta b\u00f6lgelerdeki y\u00fcksek b\u00f6lgeler kurakl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7aresiz kal\u0131rken, al\u00e7ak b\u00f6lgelerde suya eri\u015fimi kolay olan yerle\u015fimler \u00e7evresel olumsuzluklara daha diren\u00e7liydi\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

Dunning, Mayalar\u0131n gerileme s\u00fcrecinde k\u00fclt\u00fcrel fakt\u00f6rlerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc liderlik ile toplumun de\u011fi\u015fikliklere kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi esnekli\u011fin, eski uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n nas\u0131l sona erdiklerini anlamada belirleyici fakt\u00f6rler oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n

Kaynak : Radikal.com.tr<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Bilim insanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, Maya uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesinde do\u011fa felaketleri kadar ‘k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlar\u0131n’ da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rol oynam\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Antik Maya uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir zamanlar yakla\u015f\u0131k 700 bin kilometreye varan topraklar\u0131yla, modern Meksika\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyi ve Orta Amerika\u2019n\u0131n kuzey b\u00f6lgelerine kadar yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim-ve-teknoloji","category-dunya","odd"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49878","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=49878"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49878\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=49878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=49878"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=49878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}