{"id":29800,"date":"2011-03-27T08:20:35","date_gmt":"2011-03-27T05:20:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/?p=29800"},"modified":"2011-03-27T08:20:35","modified_gmt":"2011-03-27T05:20:35","slug":"istanbulun-ilk-efendileri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/?p=29800","title":{"rendered":"\u0130stanbul’un ilk efendileri"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Marmaray kaz\u0131lar\u0131 \u0130stanbullular\u0131n en eski hem\u015ferilerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Yenikap\u0131’da 8 bin 500 y\u0131ll\u0131k iki mezar bulundu. Uzmanlar: Mezarlar\u0131 \u00f6zel yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7ok korunakl\u0131. \u0130kisi de varl\u0131kl\u0131 kesimden.<\/p>\n

Yenikap\u0131\u2019daki Marmaray arkeolojik kaz\u0131lar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019un tarihini de\u011fi\u015ftirecek yeni iki iskelet \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Uzmanlar ilk kez 8 bin 500 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine ait, \u00e7ok iyi korunmu\u015f ve de\u011fi\u015fik mimarisi olan iki mezar bulman\u0131n heyecan\u0131 i\u00e7inde. Yenikap\u0131\u2019da iki y\u0131l \u00f6nce de ayn\u0131 d\u00f6neme ait mezarlar bulunmu\u015ftu. Ancak yeni mezarlar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00e7ok korunakl\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan hareketle iskeletlerin varl\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filere ait oldu\u011fu san\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6kenlerini DNA \u00e7\u00f6zecek<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yer, Yenikap\u0131. 2004\u2019te ba\u015flayan kaz\u0131larda bug\u00fcne kadar bat\u0131k gemiler, amforalar ve mezarlar dahil 40 bine yak\u0131n eser bulundu. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 i\u015f\u00e7i ve onlarca arkeolog, antropolog h\u0131zl\u0131 ve dikkatli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n i\u00e7inde. 60 bin metrekarelik alan santim santim kaz\u0131l\u0131yor. Y\u00fczeyden 16 metre ve deniz seviyesinden 9 metre derinlikte insanl\u0131k tarihinin k\u00f6kleri ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Kaz\u0131 ekibi 40 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce iki \u00f6nemli buluntuyu g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131n mutlulu\u011fu i\u00e7inde.<\/p>\n

[flv]http:\/\/video.radikal.com.tr\/video\/2011\/03\/27\/1371.flv[\/flv]<\/p>\n

Kaz\u0131 alan\u0131nda \u00fczeri beyaz \u00e7ad\u0131rlarla \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f 2 yerde ise \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli ve titiz bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Arkeologlar, bulduklar\u0131 tarih ile onu koruyan \u2018kil\u2019i kulak temizleme pamuklar\u0131yla birbirinden ay\u0131r\u0131yor. Biyolojik antropoloji ve prehistorya (tarih\u00f6ncesi) uzman\u0131 Dr. Yasemin Y\u0131lmaz ve \u00fc\u00e7 uzman arkada\u015f\u0131 40 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce bulunan mezarlardan birinin ba\u015fucunda. Yasemin Y\u0131lmaz elindeki kulak temizleme pamu\u011fuyla b\u00fcy\u00fck bir a\u011fa\u00e7 ah\u015fap k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn alt\u0131ndaki iskeletin di\u015flerindeki killi \u00e7amuru temizliyor. Di\u011fer arkeologlarsa normalde 15-20 y\u0131lda yok olmas\u0131 gereken ancak bulundu\u011fu ortamda do\u011fal bir koruyucu olan kil sayesinde M \u00d6 6500\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llardan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelen mezardaki ah\u015fab\u0131n \u00fczerinde dikkatle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Mimari a\u00e7\u0131dan bir ilk<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul Arkeoloji M\u00fczeler M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019nde g\u00f6revli ve 2004\u2019ten bug\u00fcne Marmaray kaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan sorumlu S\u0131rr\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6mlek\u00e7i ile birlikte \u00e7ad\u0131ra girdi\u011fimde, Dr. Yasemin Y\u0131lmaz, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir heyecanla daha birka\u00e7 saat \u00f6nce mezar\u0131n alt\u0131nda yeni bir ah\u015fap dikmenin bulundu\u011funu m\u00fcjdeliyordu. Mimari a\u00e7\u0131dan ilk kez b\u00f6yle bir mezarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Yasemin Y\u0131lmaz heyecanla anlatt\u0131:<\/p>\n

\u201cAh\u015fap kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok farkl\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir yekpare ah\u015fap blok mezar\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. \u00dc\u00e7 taraf\u0131nda 70 santimetreye inen ah\u015fap dikmeler var. Ve bu ah\u015faplar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar korunarak gelmi\u015f. Bu, mezar\u0131n \u00e7ok derin a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Alt\u0131nda yeni buluntular da olabilir. Kaz\u0131larda b\u00f6yle bir mezar daha \u00f6nce bulunmad\u0131. Bunlar Anadolu\u2019nun en eski mezarlar\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u2018Tarih\u00f6ncesi ya\u015fam\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Marmaray kaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n alan sorumlusu olan arkeolog S\u0131rr\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6mlek\u00e7i de \u201cBulunan yaln\u0131zca mezar de\u011fil, tarih\u00f6ncesi ya\u015fam\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u201d diyor:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130stanbul son d\u00f6nemde h\u0131zla \u015fehirle\u015firken Yenikap\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u015fans\u0131, Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan bu yana tar\u0131m arazisi olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131. Temeli derin olmayan birka\u00e7 katl\u0131 binalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bu nedenle \u0130stanbul\u2019un en steril arkeolojik alanlar\u0131ndan biri olarak kalm\u0131\u015f. Mezarlar M\u00d6 6500 y\u0131l\u0131na ait. Suri\u00e7i\u2019nde ilk kez b\u00f6yle b\u00fcy\u00fck ve \u00f6nemli bir buluntu elde ettik. Belki de d\u00fcnyada bir mezar ilk kez tamamen, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ah\u015fab\u0131yla birlikte bulundu. Normal \u015fartlarda ah\u015fap 15-20 y\u0131lda \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcr. Buradaki ah\u015faplar \u00e7ok iyi bir koruyucu olan siyah kil sayesinde 8 bin 500 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze geldi. Mezarlar\u0131n yan\u0131ndaki eserlerin M\u00d6 6500 d\u00f6nemine ait oldu\u011funu net olarak s\u00f6yleyebiliyoruz. Bu mezarlar da ayn\u0131 d\u00f6neme ait. Bunu biliyoruz. Karbon 14 testiyle de net tarih ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak. DNA testi yap\u0131l\u0131nca da bu insanlar\u0131n Anadolu\u2019ya nereden geldi\u011fine dair k\u00f6kenleriyle ilgili bilgiler edinece\u011fiz.\u201d<\/p>\n

[flv]http:\/\/video.radikal.com.tr\/video\/2011\/03\/27\/1372.flv[\/flv]<\/p>\n

Kaz\u0131larda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lanlar \u0130stanbul\u2019un tarihini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi<\/p>\n

Marmaray kaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n sorumlusu S\u0131rr\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6mlek\u00e7i, kaz\u0131lar\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019un tarihini de\u011fi\u015ftiren nitelikteki \u00f6nemini \u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019un 2500 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir tarihinden bahsediliyordu. Marmaray kaz\u0131lar\u0131nda eski \u0130stanbul\u2019un 8 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihi oldu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131k. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131k hava kaz\u0131s\u0131. B\u00f6yle ba\u015fka bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yok\u201d diye \u00f6zetledi. \u00c7\u00f6mlek\u00e7i T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin arkeolojiye bak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda son y\u0131llarda \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde: \u201cKaz\u0131lar Marmaray projesinin en ba\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc. Yani tesad\u00fcfen eserler bulunup sonra kaz\u0131 ba\u015flamad\u0131. \u0130lk kez, ya\u015fayan bir kentin i\u00e7inde bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir arkeolojik kaz\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Burada \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ve \u00e7\u0131kabilecek eserler \u0130stanbul\u2019un, Anadolu\u2019nun nas\u0131l zengin bir tarihi oldu\u011funun en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6stergelerinden biri.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019un 40 bin eserlik \u2018hazine\u2019si<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yenikap\u0131\u2019daki arkeolojik kaz\u0131larda bat\u0131k gemilerden taraklara, amforalardan sandaletlere kadar 40 bine yak\u0131n eser \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yenikap\u0131\u2019daki Marmaray in\u015faat\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda s\u00fcren arkeolojik kaz\u0131 y\u00fczlerce \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilirken neredeyse her g\u00fcn yeni bir eser g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bat\u0131k gemiler, amforalar, mezarlar gibi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan eser say\u0131s\u0131 40 bine yakla\u015ft\u0131. Kazd\u0131k\u00e7a \u0130stanbul\u2019un ve Anadolu\u2019nun ne kadar k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir tarihe sahip oldu\u00f0u ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Marmaray kaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcne kadar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u00fdndan arkeologlar ziyaret etti.<\/p>\n

Avrupa ve Anadolu yakas\u0131n\u0131 denizin alt\u0131ndan birbirine ba\u011flayacak Marmaray\u2019\u0131n 2013\u2019te hizmete girmesi planlan\u0131yor. \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi\u2019nin y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Metro ve Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ait Marmaray \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na Yenikap\u0131\u2019daki arkeolojik kaz\u0131lar e\u015flik ediyor. Kaz\u0131larda \u00e7\u0131kan eserlerin en \u00f6nemlileri aras\u0131nda 36 bat\u0131k gemi de var. Son bulunan iki gemi halen alanda duruyor. Di\u011fer 34 gemi ise Prof. Dr. Cemal Pulak ve ekibinin y\u00f6netimindeki Bodrum\u2019daki Uluslararas\u0131 Sualt\u0131 Arkeolojisi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn laboratuvarlar\u0131nda yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Yenikap\u0131\u2019da son olarak bulunan iki \u00e7ok iyi korunmu\u015f iskeletten \u00f6nce \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan baz\u0131 eserler \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n

Neolitik d\u00f6neme ait \u00fc\u00e7 hoker (cenin pozisyonu) mezar ve sekiz de urne (\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn yak\u0131larak kemiklerin dolduruldu\u011fu \u00e7\u00f6mlek) bi\u00e7iminde mezar bulundu. \u00d6l\u00fclere ait kemikler laboratuvarlarda incelenirken son bulunan iki mezara ait \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar halen alanda devam ediyor. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fleri neolitik \u00e7a\u011flara dayanan deri sandaletler, ah\u015fap kaplar, taraklar, ka\u015f\u0131klar, \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlekler, amforalar, gemi makaralar\u0131, \u00e7\u0131palar, metal aletler, heykeller, mimari kal\u0131nt\u0131lar, terazi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 gibi 40 bine yak\u0131n eser.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcl \u00f6vg\u00fc d\u00fczd\u00fc Erdo\u011fan yak\u0131nd\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Abdullah G\u00fcl kaz\u0131 alan\u0131n\u0131 gezdikten sonra hat\u0131ra defterine \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: \u201cOrtaya \u00e7\u0131kan tarihi yerleri yerinde g\u00f6rmekten b\u00fcy\u00fck memnuniyet duydum. Kaz\u0131 alan\u0131nda bulunan ve \u0130stanbul\u2019un muhte\u015fem tarihini bir kez daha g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kartan bu yerlerin insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00f6nemlerine ait \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 verece\u011fi ve bilim insanlar\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutaca\u011f\u0131 muhakkakt\u0131r. Buradaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten, onlara maddi manevi destek olan herkese te\u015fekk\u00fcr ediyorum.\u201d Ba\u015fbakan Tayyip Erdo\u011fan ise 26 \u015eubat 2011\u2019de Marmaray in\u015faat\u0131n\u0131 gezerken, projenin hizmete girmesinin gecikmesiyle ilgili \u201cS\u00fcrekli yok arkeolojik \u015fey, yok \u00e7\u00f6mlek \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, yok \u015fu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, yok bu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ile \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze engeller koydular\u201d diye yak\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kaynak : Radikal<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n

Marmaray kaz\u0131lar\u0131 \u0130stanbullular\u0131n en eski hem\u015ferilerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Yenikap\u0131’da 8 bin 500 y\u0131ll\u0131k iki mezar bulundu. Uzmanlar: Mezarlar\u0131 \u00f6zel yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7ok korunakl\u0131. \u0130kisi de varl\u0131kl\u0131 kesimden.<\/p>\n

Yenikap\u0131\u2019daki Marmaray arkeolojik kaz\u0131lar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019un tarihini de\u011fi\u015ftirecek yeni iki iskelet \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Uzmanlar ilk kez 8 bin 500 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine ait, \u00e7ok iyi <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gundem","odd"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29800","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29800"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29800\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29800"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29800"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29800"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}