{"id":23064,"date":"2010-05-27T11:15:51","date_gmt":"2010-05-27T08:15:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/?p=23064"},"modified":"2010-05-27T11:15:51","modified_gmt":"2010-05-27T08:15:51","slug":"27-mayistan-gun-yuzune-cikmamis-kareler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/?p=23064","title":{"rendered":"27 May\u0131s’tan g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015f kareler"},"content":{"rendered":"

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27 May\u0131s 1960 darbesi ve sonras\u0131nda ya\u015fananlar, 50 y\u0131l sonra bir yabanc\u0131n\u0131n objektifinden..<\/p>\n

Life dergisi foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 James Burke, 27 May\u0131s 1960 darbesinin hemen ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye’ye geldi ve deklan\u015f\u00f6re bast\u0131. Cemal G\u00fcrsel’in odas\u0131na kadar girmeyi ba\u015faran Burke’nin objektifinden yans\u0131malar ve 27 May\u0131s 1960 darbesi… <\/p>\n

27 MAYIS 1960 DARBES\u0130 <\/strong><\/p>\n

1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda iktidara gelen Demokrat Parti’nin \u00fclkeyi gitgide bir bask\u0131 rejimine ve karde\u015f kavgas\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gerek\u00e7esiyle T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri i\u00e7erisinde bir grup subay, 27 May\u0131s 1960 sabah\u0131 \u00fclke y\u00f6netimine b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle el koydu. 37 subaydan olu\u015fan Mill\u00ee Birlik Komitesi bu harekat ile Anayasa ve TBMM’yi feshetti, siyasi faaliyetleri ask\u0131ya ald\u0131, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Cel\u00e2l Bayar, Ba\u015fbakan Adnan Menderes ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok Demokrat Partiliyi tutuklatt\u0131. Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Orgeneral R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Erdelhun, \u0130stiklal Sava\u015f\u0131 kahramanlar\u0131ndan Ali Fuat Pa\u015fa, Kore gazisi Tahsin Yaz\u0131c\u0131 ve emekli olduktan sonra DP’den milletvekili se\u00e7ilen eski Genelkurmay ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mehmet Nuri Yamut da tutuklananlar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

CUMHUR\u0130YET TAR\u0130H\u0130N\u0130N \u0130LK DARBES\u0130 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Darbeden sonra Mill\u00ee Birlik Komitesi \u00fclke y\u00f6netimini \u00fcstlendi. 3. Ordu Komutan\u0131 Orgeneral Rag\u0131p G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fpala’n\u0131n, e\u011fer darbenin lideri kendisinden daha k\u0131demli de\u011filse ordusuyla Ankara’ya y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcp isyanc\u0131lar\u0131 yakalayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemesi \u00fczerine darbeden haberi olmayan Emekli Orgeneral Cemal G\u00fcrsel Milli Birlik Komitesi’nin ba\u015f\u0131na getirildi. Bu darbenin daha sonraki y\u0131llarda meydana gelen askeri darbelerden fark\u0131, T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri emir komuta zinciri i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131yd\u0131; nitekim d\u00f6nemin Genelkurmay ba\u015fkan\u0131 da y\u00f6netime el koyan askeri g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

27 MAYIS’A G\u00d6T\u00dcREN NEDENLER<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

1957 se\u00e7imleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

27 Ekim 1957 se\u00e7imleri olduk\u00e7a sert bir hava i\u00e7erisinde yap\u0131ld\u0131. DP se\u00e7imler \u00f6ncesinde yasal d\u00fczenlemeler yaparak, muhalefetin b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ferek se\u00e7imlere bir cephe halinde girmesini engelledi. CHP’nin iddias\u0131na g\u00f6re CHP’li se\u00e7menler k\u00fct\u00fcklere yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve baz\u0131 yerlerde sand\u0131klarda se\u00e7im sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Kayseri, Giresun, \u00c7anakkale ve Samsun’da g\u00f6steriler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve kavgalar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gaziantep’te ise radyo ve gazeteler \u00f6nce CHP’nin zaferini ilan etmi\u015f fakat daha sonra “k\u00f6yden gelen oylar” ile se\u00e7im sonucunu DP’nin zaferi olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. CHP’nin itiraz\u0131 \u00fczerine oy pusulalar\u0131 Gaziantep Adliyesi binas\u0131na getirilmi\u015f ancak Gaziantep Adliyesi oy pusulalar\u0131yla birlikte yanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. CHP Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, bu usuls\u00fczl\u00fckleri “K\u00fct\u00fck Marifetleri” ve \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Nam\u0131k Gedik’i de “K\u00fct\u00fck Bakan\u0131” olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. DP h\u00fck\u00fbmeti bu “Antep hadisesi” haberlerinin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

DP oylar\u0131n %47,88’ini alarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki \u00e7o\u011funluk esas\u0131na dayal\u0131 se\u00e7im sistemi sayesinde 424 milletvekili \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc’n\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu CHP %41,09 oyla 178 milletvekilli\u011fi kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Millet Partisi ve H\u00fcrriyet Partisi d\u00f6rder milletvekilli\u011fi kazand\u0131lar. Muhalefetin toplam oy miktar\u0131 DP’yi geride b\u0131rak\u0131yordu. Demokrat Parti, matematiksel olarak muhalafet partilerinin oylar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n iktidar\u0131 konumundayd\u0131. Se\u00e7imlerden sonra, siyasal ortamdaki gerginlik artarak devam etti. CHP yurt \u00e7ap\u0131nda destek g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir \u00f6nceki se\u00e7imde %35 olan oy oran\u0131n\u0131 % 41’e y\u00fckseltmesi bunun g\u00f6stergesiydi. Oysa DP 1954’te % 57 olan oy oran\u0131n\u0131 % 47’ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Gizli komiteler ve Dokuz subay olay\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

1954’te \u0130stanbul’da D\u00fcndar Seyhan ve Orhan Kabibay’\u0131n kurdu\u011fu komiteye Faruk G\u00fcvent\u00fcrk, Ahmet Y\u0131ld\u0131z, Suphi G\u00fcrsoytrak, Orhan Erkanl\u0131 ve Necati \u00dcnsalan gibi gen\u00e7 subaylar kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ankara’da ise Talat Aydemir, Mill\u00ee M\u00fcdafaa Vekili Ethem Menders’in yaveri Adnan \u00c7eliko\u011flu, Sezai Okan, Osman K\u00f6ksal ve yanda\u015flar\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir komite kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. 1957’de \u0130stanbul ve Ankara’daki iki komite birle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Birle\u015fik komite 27 Ekim 1957’de \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen se\u00e7imlerinde DP’nin kaybedece\u011fini varsayarak 29 Ekim Cumhuriyet Bayram\u0131 t\u00f6reninde z\u0131rhl\u0131 birlikler ile \u015feref trib\u00fcn\u00fcndeki DP’lileri tutuklayarak y\u00f6netime el koymay\u0131 planlad\u0131. Fakat se\u00e7imde DP kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in darbe \u015eubat 1958’e ertelendi.<\/p>\n

Bu arada 16 Ocak 1958’de komite \u00fcyesi Kurmay Binba\u015f\u0131 Samet Ku\u015f\u00e7u’nun ihbar\u0131 \u00fczerine emekli Kurmay Albay Cemal Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, Kurmay Albay Naci A\u015fkun, Kurmay Albay \u0130lhami Barut, Top\u00e7u Yarbay Faruk G\u00fcvent\u00fcrk, Piyade Binba\u015f\u0131 Ata Tan, Piyade Binba\u015f\u0131 Ahmet Dalk\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, Piyade Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Kaz\u0131m \u00d6zf\u0131rat, Piyade Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Hasan Sabuncu ve Ku\u015f\u00e7u’nun kendisi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere 9 subay tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yarg\u0131lamalar sonucunda 8 subay beraat etmi\u015f ve Ku\u015f\u00e7u “iftira” su\u00e7undan mahk\u00fbm olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

CHP Kurultay\u0131 ve \u0130lk Hedefler Beyannamesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

CHP’nin 1959 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki XIV. kurultay\u0131nda, \u00fclkenin acilen ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. “\u0130lk Hedefler Beyannamesi” ad\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanan bildirinin, 1961 Anayasas\u0131’n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bildiri metnindeki ba\u015fl\u0131klar \u015fu \u015fekildeydi:<\/p>\n

1. E\u015fit Muamele, 2. II. Meclis, 3. Anayasa Mahkemesi, 4. Nisbi Temsil Usul\u00fc, 5. Y\u00fcksek Hakimler \u015euras\u0131’n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131, 6. Memurlar Kanunu’nun d\u00fczenlenmesi, 7. Bask\u0131dan uzak tutulan bir bas\u0131n rejiminin kurulmas\u0131, 8. \u00dcniversite muhtariyeti, 9. Sosyal G\u00fcven ve Sosyal Adalet esaslar\u0131n\u0131n teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131, 10. Y\u00fcksek \u0130ktisat \u015euras\u0131’n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131<\/p>\n

U\u015fak, Topkap\u0131, Kayseri olaylar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

17 \u015eubat 1959’da Menderes’in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Londra’daki K\u0131br\u0131s g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine gelen T\u00fcrk delegasyonunu ta\u015f\u0131yan u\u00e7ak Londra yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bir ormana d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu u\u00e7ak kazas\u0131ndan Menderes’in yara almadan kurtulmas\u0131 iktidar ve muhalefet aras\u0131nda bir yumu\u015famaya yol a\u00e7sa da bu durum fazla s\u00fcrmedi. 1959’un Nisan ay\u0131nda CHP Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, Bat\u0131 Anadolu illerini kapsayan bir geziye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. CHP’liler geziye “B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz” ad\u0131n\u0131 takt\u0131.<\/p>\n

29 Nisan’da \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Trikupis’i esir ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 U\u015fak’\u0131 “B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz”un ilk dura\u011f\u0131 olarak se\u00e7mi\u015f ancak oraya ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ta\u015fl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011fray\u0131p, ba\u015f\u0131ndan yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131n\u0131n emriyle \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc’n\u00fcn gezisini engelleyen U\u015fak valisi \u0130lhan Engin’e muhalif bas\u0131n ‘\u0130ktidar\u0131n “U\u015fak” Valisi’ demeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, Manisa ve \u0130zmir’den sonra 4 May\u0131s’ta \u0130stanbul’a gelmi\u015f ve Ye\u015filk\u00f6y Havaliman\u0131’ndan \u015fehir merkezine giderken Topkap\u0131’da \u00f6nce trafik m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan durdurulmu\u015f ve sonra halk\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Polisler ve askerler m\u00fcdahale etmemi\u015flerdir. Ancak o s\u0131rada Binba\u015f\u0131 Kenan Bayraktar’\u0131n emriyle askerler m\u00fcdahale etmi\u015f ve \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok ilde CHP-DP aras\u0131nda olaylar patlak verdi. 1960 ba\u015flar\u0131nda bas\u0131nda sans\u00fcr artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, gazeteler sans\u00fcr nedeni ile beyaz sayfalarla \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. Cezaevleri tutuklu gazetecilerle doluydu. 2 Nisan 1960’ta Kayseri’ye gelen \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc’n\u00fcn treni, vali Ahmet K\u0131n\u0131k’\u0131n emriyle durduruldu. Kendisine \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc’n\u00fcn Himmet Dede Demiryolu \u0130stasyonu’nda trenin durdurulmas\u0131 ve yolunun kesilmesi i\u00e7in emir verilmi\u015f Binba\u015f\u0131 Selahattin \u00c7etiner, “Sizin yolunuzu kesmek ve sizin Kayseri’ye gitmenize engel olmaktansa intihar\u0131 tercih ederim” s\u00f6zlerini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Olaydan sonra emekli edilmi\u015f; ancak Dan\u0131\u015ftay Karar\u0131 ile g\u00f6reve iade edilmi\u015f, daha sonra orduda Generalli\u011fe kadar y\u00fckselmi\u015f, 12 Eyl\u00fcl Darbesi sonras\u0131 kurulan h\u00fck\u00fcmette \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zorlukla yoluna devam eden \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc’y\u00fc Kayseri’de 50 bin ki\u015fi kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131. Se\u00e7im \u00f6ncesi meydana gelen bu olaydan d\u00f6nemin Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakan\u0131 sorumlu tutuldu. 27 May\u0131s Darbesi’nden sonra haz\u0131rlanan 1961 Anayasas\u0131’na Millet Meclisi genel se\u00e7imlerinden \u00f6nce Ula\u015ft\u0131rma, \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri ve Adalet Bakanlar\u0131 \u00e7ekilir(m. 109) maddesinin eklenmesinin sebebi olarak da bu olay g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n

“\u0130htilal beyannameleri”<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nisan 1960’ta TBMM’de gazete ve dergilerin “y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131, gayrime\u015fru ve kanun d\u0131\u015f\u0131” faaliyetlerini inceleyerek meclise bildirmek i\u00e7in Ahmet Hamdi Sancar ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kurulan Tahkikat Komisyonu meclis ile ilgili b\u00fct\u00fcn ne\u015friyat\u0131 yasaklay\u0131nca DP-CHP ili\u015fkisi daha gerginle\u015fmi\u015ftir. CHP’lilerin konu\u015fmalar\u0131 bas\u0131na yans\u0131madan elden ele dola\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. DP y\u00f6netimi bu konu\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 “\u0130htilal beyannameleri” olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

18 Nisan 1960 g\u00fcn\u00fc Mazlum Kayalar ve Baha Ak\u015fit’in CHP’nin “y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131, gayrime\u015fru ve kanun d\u0131\u015f\u0131” faaliyetleri oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle meclis ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 yolundaki \u00f6nerge kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015ftu:<\/p>\n

*Biz demokratik rejim dedik, bu rejim kurulmu\u015ftur. Bu demokratik rejim istikametinden ayr\u0131l\u0131p, bask\u0131 rejimi haline g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek tehlikeli bir\u015feydir. Bu yolda devam ederseniz, ben de sizi kurtaramam.<\/p>\n

*\u015eartlar tamam oldu\u011funda milletler i\u00e7in ihtilal, me\u015fru bir hakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

*Bu tedbire te\u015febb\u00fcs eden bask\u0131 tertip\u00e7ileri zannediyorlar ki: T\u00fcrk Milletinin Kore Milleti kadar haysiyeti yoktur.<\/p>\n

CHP Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. 27 Nisan 1960 g\u00fcnk\u00fc TBMM toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc tekrar Tahkikat Komisyonu’nu hedef al\u0131nca Meclis, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc’ye oniki oturum toplant\u0131lara kat\u0131lmama cezas\u0131 verildi.[55] Karar\u0131 protesto eden CHP milletvekilleri Meclisten polis zoru ile uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

27 Nisan 1960’ta Tahkikat Enc\u00fcmenlerinin g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri hakk\u0131nda kanun teklifi konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapan \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc’ye Afyon milletvekili Murat Ali \u00dclgen: “K\u00fcrs\u00fcden ihtilal beyannamesi okudun pa\u015fam” demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

28-29 Nisan olaylar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

28 Nisan’da \u0130stanbul’da 29 Nisan’da Ankara’da \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6\u011frenci olaylar\u0131 \u015fiddetle bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130stanbul’da \u00e7\u0131kan olaylarda yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 \u00f6\u011frenci yaralanm\u0131\u015f ve \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Orman Fak\u00fcltesi \u00f6\u011frencisi Turan Emeksiz polisin kur\u015funuyla \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bundan dolay\u0131 “Kanl\u0131 Per\u015fembe” olarak an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. DP y\u00f6netimi bu illerde s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan etti. \u00d6\u011frenciler olaylara tepki olarak, hep bir a\u011f\u0131zdan Plevne Mar\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f h\u00e2li olan Olur mu b\u00f6yle olur mu \u015fark\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu:<\/p>\n

Olur mu, b\u00f6yle olur mu? \/ Karde\u015f karde\u015fi vurur mu? \/ Kahrolas\u0131 diktat\u00f6rler \/ Bu d\u00fcnya size kal\u0131r m\u0131?<\/p>\n

Bu olaylarda polisler “Kahrolsun diktat\u00f6rler”, “H\u00fcrriyet isteriz” sloganlar\u0131 atan \u00f6\u011frencileri da\u011f\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, ancak “T\u00fcrk ordusu \u00e7ok ya\u015fa” slogan\u0131 atan \u00f6\u011frenciler ile askerler aras\u0131nda dayan\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ve askerler polislerin teslim ettikleri \u00f6\u011frencileri serbest b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Harp okulu \u00f6\u011frencileri bir yandan Atat\u00fcrk Bulvar\u0131’nda sessiz y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yapm\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6te yandan 20 May\u0131s’ta T\u00fcrkiye’yi ziyaret edecek Hindistan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Nehru’yu kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in Esenbo\u011fa’dan \u015fehir merkezine gitmek i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 arabaya binecek olan Menderes’i Nehru’nun yan\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131rmay\u0131 planlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak yabanc\u0131 misafir varken bu t\u00fcr hareketlere giri\u015fmenin d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya kar\u015f\u0131 olumsuz etki yarataca\u011f\u0131 kanaatine var\u0131larak plan reddedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

555K<\/strong><\/p>\n

5 May\u0131s 1960 tarihinde, Ankara, K\u0131z\u0131lay’da Demokrat Parti aleyhtar\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 protesto eylemidir. Ad\u0131n\u0131 5. ay\u0131n 5. g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 5`te K\u0131z\u0131lay’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinden alan eylem cumhuriyet tarihinin ilk “sivil itaatsizlik” eylemi olarak da an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

“BA\u015eBAKAN’IN YAKASINA YAPI\u015eMAKTAN B\u00dcY\u00dcK H\u00dcRR\u0130YET OLUR MU?” <\/strong><\/p>\n

28 ve 30 Nisan 1960 tarihlerinde polisle \u00f6\u011frenciler aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda \u00f6\u011frencilerin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi ve Turan Emeksiz isimli \u00f6\u011frencinin \u00f6lmesi \u00fclkedeki ortam\u0131 kutupla\u015fmaya s\u00fcr\u00fckledi. DP mitingi i\u00e7in K\u0131z\u0131lay Meydan\u0131’na gelen d\u00f6nemin ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Adnan Menderes, bir anda kendini protestocular\u0131n aras\u0131nda buldu. Rivayete g\u00f6re, o zamanlar \u00f6\u011frenci olan, eski CHP lideri Deniz Baykal, \u015fair Cemal S\u00fcreya’n\u0131n aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re ise Vedat Dalokay, Menderes’in \u201cNe istiyorsunuz?\u201d sorusu \u00fczerine ba\u015fbakan\u0131n yakas\u0131na yap\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u201cH\u00fcrriyet istiyoruz!\u201d demi\u015fti. Menderes ise \u015fu soruyla cevap vermi\u015fti: \u201cBa\u015fbakan\u0131n yakas\u0131na yap\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsun, bundan b\u00fcy\u00fck h\u00fcrriyet olur mu?\u201d<\/p>\n

Adnan Menderes, 28-29 Nisan ve 5 May\u0131s olaylar\u0131ndan sonra \u00fcniversite hocalar\u0131n\u0131 gen\u00e7leri k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmakla su\u00e7lam\u0131\u015f ve onlardan “Kara C\u00fcbbeliler” olarak s\u00f6z etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu olaylar\u0131n TSK’daki gen\u00e7 subaylarda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 birikim ve infial sonucunda 27 May\u0131s 1960 sbaah\u0131 bir grup subay \u00f6nderli\u011finde \u00fclke y\u00f6netimine el koydu.<\/p>\n

YASSIADA G\u00dcNLER\u0130 <\/strong><\/p>\n

27 May\u0131s sonras\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Cel\u00e2l Bayar, Ba\u015fbakan Adnan Menderes, h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00fcyeleri ve aralar\u0131nda Milli M\u00fccadele’nin \u00f6nemli komutanlar\u0131ndan Ali Fuat Cebesoy’un da oldu\u011fu Demokrat Parti milletvekilleri, parti y\u00f6neticileri, asker ve baz\u0131 \u00fcst d\u00fczey kamu g\u00f6revlileri tutuklanarak Yass\u0131ada’ya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Burada tutuklulara a\u011f\u0131r i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleler yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edildi. \u0130\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleler neticesinde Cemil Kele\u015fo\u011flu ve Nam\u0131k Gedik’in intihar etti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Hatta DP avukatlar\u0131ndan H\u00fcsamettin Cindoruk, Nam\u0131k Gedik’in intihar\u0131n\u0131n dahi \u015f\u00fcpheli oldu\u011funu iddia etti:<\/p>\n

Nam\u0131k Gedik’in intihar\u0131nda fiziki zorluk var. \u00c7ift caml\u0131 bir odada yata\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerinden atlay\u0131p \u00e7er\u00e7evelere \u00e7arpmadan camlar\u0131 k\u0131rabilmek i\u00e7in Hezarfen Ahmet \u00c7elebi olmak laz\u0131m. Olabilirli\u011fi \u00e7ok zor ama tek \u015fahit Ethem Menderes. Bir de c\u00fcsseli biri, atletik yap\u0131l\u0131 de\u011fil. Nam\u0131k Bey’in ailesi intihar olay\u0131na hi\u00e7 inanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yass\u0131ada tutuklular\u0131ndan eski DP milletvekili G\u0131yasettin Emre, ba\u015f\u0131na gelenleri \u015fu \u015feklide anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Asker\u00ee havaalan\u0131nda u\u00e7aktan indiriliyoruz. Sille tokat, tekme, k\u00fcf\u00fcr… Yemekte konu\u015fam\u0131yorduk.Konu\u015ftu\u011fu i\u00e7in dayak yiyen \u00e7ok oldu. Her sabah kumlu p\u0131rasa, ak\u015fam da ta\u015fl\u0131 fasulye veriyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tutukluluk s\u00fcresinde; Yusuf Salman, L\u00fctfi K\u0131rdar, Gazi Yiyitba\u015f\u0131, Y\u00fcmn\u00fc \u00dcresin, Nuri Yamut ve Kenan Y\u0131lmaz hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybettiler.<\/p>\n

14 Ekim 1960’ta ba\u015flayan Yass\u0131ada davalar\u0131, 11 ay 1 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrd\u00fc. 203 g\u00fcn davalara bak\u0131ld\u0131, 872 oturum yap\u0131ld\u0131. 19 davaya bak\u0131ld\u0131, 1068 tan\u0131k dinlendi ve yarg\u0131lamalar h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 15 Eyl\u00fcl 1961 tarihinde son buldu. Sivil ve askerlerden olu\u015fan Yass\u0131ada mahkemelerinde yarg\u0131lanan siyas\u00eeler; vatana ihanet, kamu fonlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m\u0131, K\u0131r\u015fehir’in il\u00e7e yap\u0131lmas\u0131, meclis i\u00e7 t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik, Meclis oturumlar\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131na engel olunmas\u0131, CHP’nin mallar\u0131na el konulmas\u0131, Tahkikat komisyonu olu\u015fturmak, hakim teminat\u0131 ve mahkeme ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlali gibi konularla toplam 19 dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131, davalar anayasay\u0131 ihlal davas\u0131yla birle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u011flamda 14 Ekim’de ilk dava “K\u00f6pek Davas\u0131”d\u0131r. Davan\u0131n san\u0131klar\u0131 Cel\u00e2l Bayar ve Nedim \u00d6kmen’dir. Konusu ise bir k\u00f6pe\u011fin de\u011ferinden fazlas\u0131na Atat\u00fcrk Orman \u00c7iftli\u011fi’ne sat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. TCK’n\u0131n 209. maddesine g\u00f6re 5 y\u0131l hapis ve \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu memuriyetten mahrumiyetleri istendi. Bayar’\u0131n savunmas\u0131 Milli M\u00fccadele y\u0131llar\u0131nda g\u00f6sterdikleri yard\u0131mlardan dolay\u0131 bu parayla Bursa ‘daki Umurbey K\u00f6y\u00fc’ne \u00e7e\u015fme yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yass\u0131ada spor salonunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ikinci davan\u0131n konusu 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131’n\u0131n DP h\u00fck\u00fcmetince \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair su\u00e7lamad\u0131r. Cel\u00e2l Bayar, Adnan Menderes, Fatin R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Zorlu, Fuad K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc, \u0130stanbul Valisi Fahrettin Kerim G\u00f6kay, Emniyet m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Alaaddin Eri\u015f, \u0130zmir Valisi Kemal Had\u0131ml\u0131, Selanik ba\u015fkonsolosu Mehmet Ali Balin ve di\u011ferleri Selanik’te Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn evinin bombalanmas\u0131 ve Rum az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n evlerinin ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131n\u0131n organizasyonunu yapmakla su\u00e7lan\u0131p, 5 ile 10 y\u0131l a\u011f\u0131r hapis, kamu hizmetlerinden s\u00fcrekli men cezas\u0131 istenildi. Savunma T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin tertip etmesi asla do\u011fru de\u011fildir denilerek yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bayar beraat ederken, Menderes ve Zorlu 6 y\u0131l hapis, di\u011ferleri 4 ay hapis cezas\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bir sonraki dava “Bebek Davas\u0131” olup san\u0131klar Adnan Menderes ve Fahri Atabey’dir. Cemal G\u00fcrsel taraf\u0131ndan gizli celse olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 istense de a\u00e7\u0131k olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayhan Aydan’dan olan bebe\u011fini Fahri Atab\u0131y\u0131k’\u0131 azmettirerek \u00f6ld\u00fcrtmek su\u00e7undan her ikisine 5 ile 10 y\u0131l a\u011f\u0131r hapis istenir. Ayhan Aydan ve Menderes dava s\u0131ras\u0131nda ili\u015fkilerinin ve bebeklerinin oldu\u011funu fakat do\u011fum s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtirler. Dava s\u0131ras\u0131nda savc\u0131 bir kad\u0131n k\u00fclotunu g\u00f6sterip, kimin giydi\u011fini ve ba\u015fbakanl\u0131kta unuttu\u011funu sorar. Adnan Menderes’in avukat\u0131 Burhan Apayd\u0131n’\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesi ile olay kapan\u0131r. Beraatlerine karar verilir.<\/p>\n

Bir sonraki dava “Vinilex Davas\u0131”‘d\u0131r. Maliye bakan\u0131 Hasan Polatkan’\u0131n \u015firkete us\u00fcls\u00fcz kredi sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunun \u00fczerine 110 bin lira r\u00fc\u015fvet ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilmi\u015ftir. Adnan Menderes ve Hasan Polatkan’\u0131n n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak “Vinileks” firmas\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye Vak\u0131flar Bankas\u0131ndan kredi verdirmekle su\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Adnan Menderes taraf\u0131ndan kurulan bu Bankan\u0131n 27 May\u0131s darbesine kadar Umum M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’n\u00fc yapan ve 1961 se\u00e7imlerinden sonra tekrar ayn\u0131 Bankan\u0131n Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne getirilecek olan Sabahattin Tulga yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunmada krediyi, suni deri imal ederek ithal ikamesi yapacak bu firman\u0131n karl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131na inand\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in verdiklerini; nitekim darbe sonras\u0131 i\u015fba\u015f\u0131na gelen yeni Banka y\u00f6netiminin de ayn\u0131 firmaya ilave kredi vererek bu firman\u0131n kredi limitini iki misli artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Buna ra\u011fmen bu mahkeme Menderes ve Hasan Polatkan’\u0131 bu davadan da su\u00e7lu bulmu\u015ftur. Polatkan 7 y\u0131l a\u011f\u0131r hapis ve memuriyetten men cezas\u0131 al\u0131rken, \u015firket yetkilileri de ceza alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu duru\u015fmalarda a\u00e7\u0131lan bir di\u011fer dava radyo davas\u0131yd\u0131. Adnan Menderes, baz\u0131 bakanlar ve Bas\u0131n Yay\u0131n ve Turizm genel m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc olan Altemur K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda radyoyu parti organ\u0131 haline getirdikleri yolunda a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dava sonucunda Y\u00fcksek Adalet Divan\u0131, 15 san\u0131\u011f\u0131n idam\u0131na karar verdi. Cel\u00e2l Bayar, Adnan Menderes, eski D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Fatin R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Zorlu, eski Maliye Bakan\u0131 Hasan Polatkan oybirli\u011fiyle, eski T.B.M.M. Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Refik Koraltan, eski Genelkurmay ba\u015fkan\u0131 R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Erdelhun, Agah Erozan, \u0130brahim Kirazo\u011flu, Ahmet Hamdi Sancar, Nusret Kiri\u015f\u00e7io\u011flu, Bahad\u0131r D\u00fclger, Emin Kalafat, Baha Ak\u015fit, Osman Kavrako\u011flu, Zeki Erataman oy \u00e7oklu\u011fuyla \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra \u00f6zellikle san\u0131k yak\u0131nlar\u0131, baz\u0131 san\u0131klara savunma i\u00e7in s\u00fcre ve imk\u00e2n verilmedi\u011fini iddia ettiler. Hasan Polatkan’\u0131n yarg\u0131lamalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda kaybetti\u011fi 175 sayfal\u0131k savunmas\u0131 y\u0131llar sonra, d\u00f6nemin Yass\u0131ada \u0130rtibat B\u00fcrosu M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc albay \u00d6mer Faruk Erus’un kasas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

San\u0131klardan Fatin R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Zorlu ve Hasan Polatkan 16 Eyl\u00fcl 1961’de sabaha kar\u015f\u0131, Adnan Menderes 17 Eyl\u00fcl 1961’de saat 13.30’da \u0130mral\u0131 Adas\u0131’nda idam edildi. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerinde ceza muhakemesi kanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6re idam cezalar\u0131 sabaha kar\u015f\u0131 infaz edilirken Adnan Menderes’in cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131nda bu kural\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak \u00f6\u011fle vaktinde idam ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu durumun nedeni olarak, Zorlu ve Polatkan’\u0131n idamlar\u0131ndan sonra, \u0130ngiltere Karali\u00e7esi II. Elizabeth ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm Avrupa devletlerinin var g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle T\u00fcrkiye’ye bask\u0131 yapmalar\u0131 g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130damdan 9 g\u00fcn sonra Menderes’in evine gidilerek evin kap\u0131s\u0131na idam h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn bir sureti as\u0131ld\u0131 ve idam edilirken kullan\u0131lan ip, idam g\u00f6mle\u011fi, cellat, imam ve son g\u00fcn yiyip i\u00e7tiklerinin paras\u0131 e\u015fi Berrin Menderes’ten al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Zorlu, Polatkan ve Menderes’in d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakilerin cezalar\u0131 infaz edilmeyip, hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7evrildi. \u0130damlar\u0131 durdurmak i\u00e7in ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131 Kennedy’nin Ankara b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Raymond A. Hare arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Selim Sarper’e bir mesaj iletti\u011fi iddia edilir.<\/p>\n

Gazeteport<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n

27 May\u0131s 1960 darbesi ve sonras\u0131nda ya\u015fananlar, 50 y\u0131l sonra bir yabanc\u0131n\u0131n objektifinden..<\/p>\n

Life dergisi foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 James Burke, 27 May\u0131s 1960 darbesinin hemen ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye’ye geldi ve deklan\u015f\u00f6re bast\u0131. Cemal G\u00fcrsel’in odas\u0131na kadar girmeyi ba\u015faran Burke’nin objektifinden yans\u0131malar ve 27 May\u0131s 1960 darbesi… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gundem","odd"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23064","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23064"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23064\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}