{"id":21077,"date":"2010-04-04T12:59:31","date_gmt":"2010-04-04T09:59:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/?p=21077"},"modified":"2010-04-04T12:59:31","modified_gmt":"2010-04-04T09:59:31","slug":"halkoylamasina-iliskin-kural-anayasaya-aykiri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/?p=21077","title":{"rendered":"Halk Oylamas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Kural Anayasa’ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi Eski Genel Sekreteri B\u00fclent Serim yazd\u0131<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine ili\u015fkin yasa \u00f6nerisinin “y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck” maddesinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Anayasa’n\u0131n 175. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck maddesinde, “Bu Kanun yay\u0131m\u0131 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girer ve halkoyuna sunulmas\u0131 halinde t\u00fcm\u00fcyle oylan\u0131r” kural\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu kural\u0131n ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, yani “halkoyuna sunulmas\u0131 halinde t\u00fcm\u00fcyle oylan\u0131r” ifadesi, Anayasa’n\u0131n 175. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6yle bir d\u00fczenleme yok<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anayasa’n\u0131n 175. maddesinin yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda, “TBMM Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikliklerine ili\u015fkin kanunlar\u0131n kabul\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda, bu kanunun halkoylamas\u0131na sunulmas\u0131 halinde, Anayasan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilen h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden, hangilerinin birlikte hangilerinin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 oylanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da karara ba\u011flar” denilmektedir. Bu kural ile TBMM verilen yetki, as\u0131l olarak maddelerin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 oylamas\u0131n\u0131; ancak, anlam birli\u011fi, i\u00e7erik b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunan maddelerin bir arada oylanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktan ibarettir. Dikkat edilirse, metinde yasan\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn birlikte oylanmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir d\u00fczenleme bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu kurala g\u00f6re, TBMM\u2019nin, de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lan kurallar aras\u0131ndaki ilgiyi g\u00f6zeterek, halkoylamas\u0131na birlikte ya da ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 sunulacak maddeleri belirginle\u015ftirmesi gerekmektedir. Birbiriyle ilgili kurallar\u0131n bir arada, ilgisizlerin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 halkoyuna sunulmas\u0131, hem Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n buyurucu kural\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fidir, hem de halkoylamas\u0131ndan beklenen yarar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden gereklidir.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 olmal\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, yedinci f\u0131kran\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi de s\u00f6yledi\u011fimizi do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, yedinci f\u0131kran\u0131n getirili\u015f amac\u0131, gerek\u00e7esinde, \u201cHalkoyuna sunulmas\u0131n\u0131n Anayasan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilen her h\u00fckm\u00fc i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, oylama sonunda baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin benimsenmesi, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ise reddi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilecek, b\u00f6ylece halkoylamas\u0131n\u0131n daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fekilde sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 ve baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler reddedilmi\u015f olsa bile hi\u00e7 olmazsa benimsenen de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r\u201d bi\u00e7iminde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Anayasa metninden ve gerek\u00e7esinden, yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 oylanmas\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l kural oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zca, oylamay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, birbiriyle ilgili olan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin bir arada halkoyuna sunulabilmesi olanakl\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, ancak bu y\u00f6ntemle, halk\u0131n istemedi\u011fi maddeleri kabul etmesinin, istedi\u011fi maddeleri de reddetmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f olacak, halk iradesi ger\u00e7ek bi\u00e7imde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Venedik Komisyonu karar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nitekim de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131lan Venedik Komisyonu karar\u0131 da bu y\u00f6ndedir. Venedik Komisyonu\u2019nun 21 Aral\u0131k 2006 tarihli \u201cReferandumlarda \u0130yi Uygulamalar K\u0131lavuzu\u201dnun 30. maddesinde \u015f\u00f6yle denilmektedir: \u201c\u0130\u00e7erik birli\u011fi, \u00f6zg\u00fcr oy iradesinin daha da \u00f6nemli bir gereklili\u011fidir. Se\u00e7menler, aralar\u0131nda i\u00e7kin bir ba\u011f olmayan farkl\u0131 sorulara ayn\u0131 anda oy vermek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Se\u00e7menin sorulardan birini desteklerken bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 olabilece\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir metinde yap\u0131lacak de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00e7ok say\u0131da farkl\u0131 unsuru kaps\u0131yorsa, halka bir dizi soru sorulmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

Demek ki, Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine ili\u015fkin yasan\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn birlikte halkoyuna sunulmas\u0131, Anayasa’n\u0131n 175. maddesinin yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n metnine ve amac\u0131 ile Venedik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerine uygun d\u00fc\u015fmemektedir. Bug\u00fcne kadar da b\u00f6yle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 sonuca etkili de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, o d\u00fczenlemeler anayasal denetimden ge\u00e7memi\u015ftir. Bu onlar\u0131 Anayasaya uygun duruma getirmez.<\/p>\n

Kald\u0131 ki, 1961 ve 1982 anayasalar\u0131n\u0131n halkoylamas\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131da b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa, de\u011fi\u015fiklikler konusunda bug\u00fcne kadar \u00fc\u00e7 halk oylamas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bunlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc de tek konuyu halk oyuna g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1987 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201csiyasi yasaklar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p kald\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131\u201d, 1988 y\u0131l\u0131nda yerel se\u00e7imlerin erkene al\u0131n\u0131p al\u0131nmamas\u0131\u201d ve 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda da \u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 halk\u0131n se\u00e7ip se\u00e7memesi\u201d konular\u0131 halk\u0131n oyuna sunulmu\u015ftur. Bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri, bir \u00e7ok konuyu bir arada d\u00fczenleyen bug\u00fcnk\u00fc torba de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe \u00f6rnek olu\u015fturmaz.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki kuruma g\u00f6ev d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu durumda iki Kuruma \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli g\u00f6rev d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Bunlardan \u0130lki Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Makam\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 175. maddede, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, ister 330-366, ister 367 ve \u00fczeri oyla kabul edilsin, Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine ili\u015fkin yasalar\u0131 bir daha g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmek \u00fczere TBMM\u2019ne geri g\u00f6nderme hak ve yetkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Birbiriyle hi\u00e7 ilgisi bulunmayan bu kadar \u00e7ok konuyu i\u00e7eren bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yasas\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn tek oya sunulmas\u0131, halk\u0131n iradesinin yan\u0131lt\u0131lmas\u0131, dolan\u0131lmas\u0131, ipotek alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelece\u011finden Say\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bu olaya el koymas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, bu demokrasi d\u0131\u015f\u0131 uygulamaya dur demesi gereken ikinci kurum Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019dir. Bu a\u015famada \u015fu sorunun sorulmas\u0131 gerekir: “Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck maddesi” Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nce yaln\u0131z \u201cbi\u00e7im\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcnden mi, yoksa hem bi\u00e7im hem \u201cesas\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcnden mi denetlenebilir?<\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi denetler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hemen belirtmek gerekir ki, \u201cy\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck maddesi\u201d anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir kural i\u00e7ermedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, anayasa kural\u0131 niteli\u011finde de\u011fil, d\u00fcz yasa kural\u0131 niteli\u011findedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, yasan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck maddesi, Anayasa’n\u0131n, “Anayasa Mahkemesi, kanunlar\u0131n…Anayasaya \u015fekil ve esas bak\u0131mlar\u0131ndan uygunlu\u011funu denetler” kural\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren 148. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, bi\u00e7im ve esas y\u00f6nlerinden Anayasa Mahkemesi denetimine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu durum, anayasal kural niteli\u011findeki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu konuda dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda, Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin, halkoylamas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kural\u0131 iptal etmesi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olas\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00dcstelik, bu iptal halkoylamas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan ilgilendirdi\u011finden, Anayasa Mahkemesi b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla \u00f6ncelikle \u201cy\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durdurma\u201d vererek, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ecek ve bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6nden erkler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, hukuk devleti, yarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve demokratik Cumhuriyet ilkelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan bu Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini b\u00f6ylece \u00f6nleyecektir.<\/p>\n

Kaynak : Odatv.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi Eski Genel Sekreteri B\u00fclent Serim yazd\u0131<\/p>\n

Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine ili\u015fkin yasa \u00f6nerisinin “y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck” maddesinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Anayasa’n\u0131n 175. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck maddesinde, “Bu Kanun yay\u0131m\u0131 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girer ve halkoyuna sunulmas\u0131 halinde t\u00fcm\u00fcyle oylan\u0131r” kural\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu kural\u0131n ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, yani “halkoyuna sunulmas\u0131 halinde t\u00fcm\u00fcyle oylan\u0131r” ifadesi, <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21077","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gundem","odd"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21077","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21077"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21077\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21077"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21077"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.korhanyilmaz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21077"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}